What Is Crohn’s Disease?
A type of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, can affect any part of the digestive tract. Although it commonly affects individuals in their late teens or early 20s, it can develop at any age affecting men and women equally.
Several risk factors have been identified to influence Crohn’s disease, including environmental and genetic factors.
This article will discuss how genetics can affect your risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
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Is Crohn’s disease genetic?
Studies have shown that around 15% of the individuals affected by Crohn’s disease have an immediately affected relative.
Some environmental factors like diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking also influence.
What are the genetic risk factors for Crohn’s disease?
Mutations in some genes on chromosomes 5 and 10 are linked to Crohn’s disease.
Notably, ATG16L1, IL23R, IRGM, and NOD2 genes appear to increase the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
Mutations in the above genes affect gut bacteria which in turn affects the ability of the intestinal cells to respond to it. This leads to symptoms of inflammation and digestive issues associated with Crohn’s disease.
How Prevalent is Crohn’s Disease?
Around 3 million adults reported being diagnosed with either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis as of 2015 in the United States.
Crohn’s disease is becoming increasingly common in children for unknown reasons.
What are the symptoms of Crohn’s disease?
Some symptoms of Crohn’s disease to be aware of include:
- abdominal pain and cramping
- diarrhea
- fever
- fatigue
- bloody stool
- small appetite
- weight loss
- perianal disease
- inflammation of eyes, skin, and joints
- inflammation of the liver or bile ducts
- slowed growth and sexual development in children
How is Crohn’s disease diagnosed?
As with any complex condition, Crohn’s disease cannot be diagnosed effectively using a single test. A mixture of tests like a biopsy, radiological scan, blood tests, computerized tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose Crohn’s disease.
Prenatal genetic testing for mutations in the NOD2 gene is also done for pregnant women. Finding a mutation in this gene does not necessarily indicate a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. It only shows an increased risk of developing the disease.
What is the prognosis for Crohn’s disease?
There is no known cure for Crohn’s disease. The main objective for treatment is the relief of symptoms and disease remission. Remission is when you don’t feel any noticeable symptoms of the disease.
Remission can last from days to years and varies between individuals.
Treatment of Crohn’s disease involves a combination of drugs and sometimes surgery. Antibiotics, biologics, anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, diet, and more are potential therapies that your healthcare team may recommend.
Takeaways
- Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting individuals between their teenage years to their 20s.
- Genetics is a heavy influence in the development of Crohn's disease, with 15% of affected individuals having an immediate relative who is also affected.
- Common symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain and cramping, fever, and diarrhea.
- Mutations in the ATG16L1, IL23R, IRGM, and NOD2 genes appear to increase the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
- Crohn's disease can be diagnosed using a combination of standard and genetic tests.
- There is no known cure for Crohn's disease. Existing treatment aims for relief from symptoms and remission.
