Ever worried about catching an ear infection from your child or someone around you? Ear infections, also called acute otitis media, inflames the middle section of the ear, most often in children. The good news is ear infections don't last more than a week and don't need medical intervention. However, without a good understanding of the condition or timely intervention, ear infections can worsen. This article will tell you all you need to know about ear infections and if you should worry about them being contagious.
How Does An Ear Infection Happen?
Ear infections traditionally occur due to microbes, such as bacteria (like Streptococcus) or rhinoviruses, which are responsible for the common cold.
Often, it progresses from another ailment like the flu or an allergic reaction.
Risk Factors To Watch Out For
- Age: Children between 6 months and two years old without fully formed ear canals are most susceptible to ear infections.
- Season: Ear infections occur most often during winter and spring or when there is a lot of pollen in the air.
- Air quality: A large amount of air pollution due to tobacco smoke or otherwise can lead to an ear infection
- Environmental changes: Shifts in temperature, humidity, altitude, and air pressure can increase the risk of ear infections.
How To Know If You Have An Ear Infection
Adults exhibit more clear-cut symptoms, such as ear pain and some leakage, but understanding an infant's ear infection can be more complex.
They may show signs like:
- Rubbing or fidgeting with their ear
- A fever or a headache
- Not reacting appropriately to some sounds
- Losing balance easily
- Fussiness and a loss of appetite
Are Ear Infections Contagious?
Although infective microbes like bacteria and viruses cause ear infections, the infection itself cannot spread from person to person.
What can spread, however, is the existing ailment that led to the ear infection. Infected droplets can easily lead to a cold or the flu.
These conditions then increase the risk of ear infections.
Children are more susceptible to infection since their ears have not fully developed and drain out fluid much slower.
Is My Ear Infection Bacterial Or Viral?
Generally, ear infections caused by viruses heal faster and are gone within a week.
Bacterial infections persist for up to two weeks and can require antibiotic treatment as a doctor may prescribe. They also lead to higher fevers.
Ear infections that respond to antibiotic treatments are bacterial since viruses don’t respond to antibiotics.
What Not To Do With An Ear Infection
Ear infections may not be contagious, but you should remain responsible until they heal.
The internet can suggest thousands of popular home remedies for ear infections, but only a few are credible.
Here are a few things to avoid if you have an ear infection:
- Don’t pour hot oil into your ear. There is no credible evidence that it will help, although it won’t harm you either.
- Don’t plug your ears with cotton. Leakage during an ear infection is common, and not allowing it to flow out can cause further infection.
- Do not attempt to clean your ear with your finger or a cotton bud.
- If the infection is due to an allergy, avoid the foods that caused the reaction.
- Don’t use topical remedies like Vicks.
Diagnosing An Ear Infection
Diagnosing an ear infection is relatively easy.
First, doctors check your medical history and perform a physical exam.
Afterward, they can use two main techniques: otoscopy and tympanometry.
Otoscopy
An otoscope is a tool that helps a doctor visualize the inside of your ear using a light source.
With a minor modification, a pneumatic otoscope releases a puff of air onto the eardrum.
If the eardrum does not vibrate normally, doctors generally suspect a fluid buildup behind it.
Tympanometry
A tympanometer detects changes in pressure in the middle ear.
Understanding this can help doctors gauge how well the middle ear is working.
Sometimes, they can use a tuning fork for this purpose.
Treatment Options For Ear Infections
Many mild ear infections heal within a few days without treatment.
It may be time to see a doctor if you have:
- No improvement after three days
- A high fever (above 102.2oF)
- Hearing loss
- Fluid discharge from the ear
In such cases, these treatments could help:
- Home treatments like a warm cloth, OTC painkillers, or ear drops.
- Doctors could prescribe antibiotics if the infection remains.
- Doctors take special care when prescribing antibiotics to children since they may cause side effects like antibiotic resistance and organ damage.
- Surgery is a last resort to drain fluid from the ears through tubes or holes.
Remember to consult your doctor if you show any symptoms. They will guide you correctly.
Preventing Ear Infections
You can keep ear infections at bay with a few simple strategies:
- Good hygiene: Washing hands, eating food from clean vessels, and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing can go a long way to prevent ear infections.
- Avoid smoke: Ensure that nobody smokes around your child, and keep them away from environments with lots of smoke.
- Vaccinations: Some flu shots, pneumococcal, and other bacterial vaccines can reduce the chances of an ear infection.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is Swimmer's Ear?
An infection of the outer ear is known as swimmer's ear or otitis externa.
Can ear infections be passed down?
Research has shown that a mutation in the FUT2 gene slightly alters the composition of the microbes in the ear.
Different microbiota in the ear may affect the chances of ear infection in specific populations worldwide.
Do Headphones Cause Ear Infections?
According to a 2023 study, a small percentage of headphone users in a study reported hearing loss and ear infection issues. However, the results weren’t conclusive enough to link headphone use to ear infections.
Summary: Are Ear Infections Contagious?
- Ear infections are not contagious, but the underlying conditions that led to them could be.
- Children are more likely to get an ear infection because their ears have not yet fully developed.
- Other common risk factors for ear infections are existing illnesses, poor air quality, or drastic environmental changes.
- Infections of the middle ear are caused by bacteria or viruses, causing a fluid buildup.
- In rare cases, ear infections can cause pain, hearing loss, and fluid leakage.
- Ear infections usually heal on their own. In severe cases, doctors can prescribe antibiotics or perform surgery.
- Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding smoky environments can keep ear infections at bay.
References
Ear infection (middle ear) - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic
Ear Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More (healthline.com)
Middle-Ear Infection in Adults | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Ear Infection Basics | Ear Infection | CDC
Are Ear Infections Contagious? Here's What to Know (health.com)
Are Ear Infections Contagious? Causes, Treatment, and Prevention (healthline.com)
Swimmer's Ear | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Vicks for Earache: Does It Work and Should You Use It? (healthline.com)
